Power customers have many problems in the safe use of electricity: the safety management of distribution facilities under their jurisdiction is not strict; The safety facilities are not standardized and perfect; The equipment under its jurisdiction is out of date and cannot be maintained and tested regularly. Because of the above problems, it will have a direct impact on the safe operation of the power grid. Especially in severe weather, accidents are often caused by breakdown and short circuit of the customer's lightning arrester, branch knife switch, self dropping switch, wall bushing and other equipment in operation, overheating and burning of the conductor connection, which causes the power distribution line to trip, seriously affecting the safe operation and power supply reliability of the power grid.

1 Problems of power customers

(1) In terms of safety management and equipment management, the system of power customers is incomplete, and there is no equipment account, drawings and other relevant data.

(2) Power distribution safety facilities for power customers are not perfect. Most small and medium-sized enterprises, administrative institutions, schools and other customer distribution rooms do not have rat proof baffles, cable trenches are not tightly blocked, doors and windows are damaged, snakes cannot be prevented in winter, rats cannot be prevented in summer, and even sundries are piled up in the distribution room.

(3) The following problems exist in equipment management:

① Equipment aging, irregular cleaning, maintenance, test, rotation, non-standard wiring;

② Failing to replace the obsolete equipment in time, and failing to deal with the defects such as overheating of equipment joints, oil shortage of oil filled equipment, and insufficient safety distance in time;

③ The knife switch is not installed in the branch line, or the regular maintenance and test cannot be carried out due to production and other reasons, and the maintenance or replacement can only be carried out when the equipment has problems.

(4) The electrician does not have the necessary professional knowledge, or has not been trained, does not know about the equipment, is not familiar with the equipment, and operates irregularly.

(5) The fire fighting facilities are not complete, the number of fire extinguishers is insufficient, or even the fire extinguishers are not equipped.

2 Problems of power supply companies

(1) There is a lack of supervision, inspection and guidance on the customer's equipment, and no specific department or person is designated to supervise and inspect the safe operation of the customer's high-voltage equipment.

(2) The account of the customer's equipment was not fully understood, and the customer could not be notified in time for test, maintenance or rotation.

(3) The supporting services are not up to standard, and the promotion of the charge standard for the maintenance and test of the customer's equipment is not in place, which makes the customer have doubts, and the maintenance and test time cannot be guaranteed.

(4) Due to the problems of assets ownership and the transfer of management functions, the problems raised by the inspectors of the power supply company to the customers cannot be effectively implemented.

3 Problems of rural electricity customers

The equipment of agricultural water independent customers and power customers shall be maintained and overhauled by the customers themselves. For these customers, due to problems in capital, professional quality of personnel, management and other aspects, the equipment cannot be regularly maintained and tested, the equipment has been out of repair for a long time, the wiring is confused, the wires do not meet the standard requirements, and the equipment is in poor health, which are the main reasons for the failure and tripping of agricultural distribution lines.

4 Preventive measures

(1) Electric power enterprises can establish "customer maintenance companies", actively sign agency maintenance agreements with the above customers, bring customers into unified management, and regularly carry out paid maintenance based on the company's production plan.

(2) The load switch is installed on the branch line, which not only protects the main line, but also facilitates maintenance and repair.

(3) Strengthen the training of network electricians, conduct regular examinations and certificates according to relevant regulations, and strengthen business contacts with customers.

(4) In order to strengthen the supervision and regulation of customers, we should obtain the support of government departments and strengthen the supervision. For customers with major problems, they can work together with relevant government departments to solve them.

(5) Increase and speed up the transformation and supervision of rural customer equipment, timely supervise and take over the power distribution equipment of independent agricultural water and power customers, prevent the normal operation of the trunk line from being affected by customer equipment problems, and minimize the loss of accidental power failure.